Creating new heroes: Promoting CERN in the post-Higgs era

Author: Harriet Jarlett – CERN, Switzerland

We all know that the best stories have a hero.

For years, CERN’s hero was the Higgs boson. Physicists had a quest: to find this elusive particle using the world’s largest machine, the Large Hadron Collider. When the hero was discovered in 2012, CERN and particle physics made front-page news worldwide.

But five years on, what now? Communicating in the absence of discoveries such as the Higgs can be a challenge. Yet it can also be an opportunity: a chance to highlight CERN’s diverse experiments as well as the laboratory’s impact of CERN on society. We can let new heroes shine.

One such hero emerged: a little-known nuclear physics facility at CERN called ISOLDE. This facility, with a wealth of history, was in the midst of a dramatic upgrade. What’s more, it is soon welcoming MEDICIS – a new experiment at the forefront of medical research. Here, scientists will produce rare, exotic isotopes for doctors and hospitals, to help to diagnose and treat cancer in better and more effective ways than ever before. Naturally CERN’s particle physics remains revolutionary, yet now CERN has a nuclear physics hero to promote too.

But how to introduce this hero to the world? We’ll explain how, after two years of interviews, filming, script rewrites and staff turnover, we produced a cross-media content package, titled Meet ISOLDE.

Developing a mini documentary series was new for CERN but tackled some of our big content questions – such as how to keep visitors on our website for longer. Our approach, results and lessons learnt will offer valuable insights for science communication practitioners.

Join our ‘show, tell and talk” session to find out how CERN’s new hero was received and whether there were any villains along the way…

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Show, tell and talk
Theme: Stories
Area of interest: Investigating science communication practices

Author: Xi Cheng – Soochow University,Suzhou, China

Co-authors:
Qiao Pan – University of Science and Technology of China
Liangyan Pan – University of Science and Technology of China
Shukun Tang – University of Science and Technology of China
Yiqing Wang – University of Science and Technology of China

PCST is the largest and most important conference in science communication around the world.  It is a great honour that our research group at CRISP has undertaken the task of creating the PCST Archive, so that papers and abstracts from earlier PCST Conferences are now available online at the PCST website.  This task included collecting all available papers of PCST conferences, classifying theme words and analysing their contents.

This paper announces the result of our analysis of past papers.  It discusses our findings on the main themes, popular interests of research, its features, the trends shown by content analysis of all available PCST papers from 1989 to 2016 and the list of theme words.

We will discuss the main trends and development of research in whole field of science communication. We will compare regional characteristics of science communication research in 6 counties (3 developed countries, 3 developing countries) through analysis of research interests and its development.

The specific content is:

  1. a classification of the main research themes to explore the focuses of all papers, and extending to the whole field of science communication.  We will explain the reasons why these research interests lead to a concentration of science communication.
  2. from a diachronic viewpoint, we will explore the way research interests have developed and evolved through time, doing a comparative exploration of each conference, and expanding this to the whole field of science communication.
  3. we will compare the top 10 research themes from the 6 selected countries, and the trends of development over all PCST conferences.   6 represented countries will be choose to make national comparison on top 10 research themes from published papers and its’ development trend in all PCST conferences.  We will show the different reasons and characteristics between these countries to access to national features on science communication.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Individual paper
Theme: Society
Area of interest: Comparing science communication across cultures

Author: Ganigar Chen – National Science Museum, Thailand

Within the ecosystem of science communication, scientists definitely play an important role in the equation. However, due to the nature of work, involving scientists in public science communication is still a common challenge. Communication of scientific knowledge and research information is often conducted by educators, public relations officers and media with limited input from scientists which results in only a broad information with few interesting or specific information which could be provided very well by researchers. Direct learning and sharing knowledge with scientists is also necessary in giving the public an opportunity to connect to real story and real people which would provide inspiration and understanding of the way science and technology has been developed. Science communication in Thailand is no exception to this situation, survey result reveals a number of reasons scientists do not play as much role in science communication, which should lead to a thought on how we can facilitate the scientists’ involvement and at the same time ensure that they can maintain balance of research work and public contribution. This session will share various ways scientists can be involved in science communication and will discuss the findings of each approach from the perspective of scientists and from the perspective of the audience.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Visual talk
Theme: Science
Area of interest: Investigating science communication practices

Author: Ganigar Chen – National Science Museum, Thailand, Thailand

Co-authors:
Archanya Ratana-ubol – Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Pichai Sonchaeng – Burapha University, Thailand

Thailand is one of many countries striving for economic development through science, technology, and innovation. Regardless of the strong government policy and support in science and formal education, the national competitiveness index including science literacy continues to be ranked below the average OECD countries, for many years. It is obvious that in the past, efforts have been focused on promoting science education and science was often considered as an important subject to study to get into a good College, rather than as part of knowledge in cultivating quality and well-informed citizens. It is likely that after compulsory education, people who did not study science or have left school for the workforce will have fewer chances and interest to be engaged in science unless there are appropriate motivation and mode to do so. This group account for 10% of the population and will become the major workforce in Thailand in the next 20 years. This study tried to investigate how the youth in different regions of Thailand have been engaged in science and technology in the lifelong learning context. It also investigated which media have the strong influence in people’s informal learning settings. It also looked at their perception and interest in modern science and technology to see how well these learners are prepared for the changing world and their awareness of sustainability. The study looked at how the promotion of lifelong learning strategies in science can be adapted and be adopted for these learners in the different regions of Thailand to stimulate interest in and develop insight into the value of science in every facet of life. This will promote the development of a learning community and society.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Individual paper
Theme: Society
Area of interest: Influencing policies through science communication

Author: Bobby Cerini – Australian Government & The Australian National University, Australia

This presentation presents results of PhD research into science heroes as communicators of influence, exploring the life histories of a subset of those nominated as science heroes to explore narratives of identity and influence on career pathways and life-long engagement with science. It will present results relating to individuals’ experiences of success and of communication and the significant issues, ideas and outcomes that arise from those experiences.

In-depth interviews were conducted with 100 individuals in Australia, the United Kingdom and North America, including 7 for the purposes of communication context. The questions asked about many aspects of participant life experiences, including early interests and pathways in science, key motivators and influencers including ‘inspirational others’, experiences of communicating with others in a professional context, including interactions with peers, public audiences and the media, and individual communication attitudes and approaches.

Based on analysis of this data, the thesis identifies the communication characteristics and attributes of science heroes and explores the communication practices that contribute to their relative success. Evidence is presented for the power of narrative communication techniques and the use of heroic archetypes in projecting stories of success. Evidence is also presented for the presence of powerful norms and counter-norms in science communication.

The study builds on and contributes to work exploring the nature of influence in science career pathways, providing insight into the influences of contemporary science heroes and significant factors affecting science engagement and achievement. Additionally, the thesis extends the concept of normative practices and processes within science, making a case to include communication norms and counter-norms in the understanding of contemporary science.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Individual paper
Theme: Stories
Area of interest: Building a theoretical basis for science communication

Author: Bobby Cerini – Australian Government & The Australian National University, Australia

Co-authors:
TBC – SciStarter
TBC – Citizen Science Association
TBC – Citizen CyberScience Centre
TBC – Questagame/Austarlian National University
Claudia Göbel – European Citizen Science Association
Victoria Metcalf – NZ government (OPMCSA), PSP

Citizen science has expanded globally since the mid-1990s, marked by a proliferation of opportunities for citizens to participate in the practice, culture and narratives of science and leading to the emergence of exciting (and sometimes challenging) new areas of research, policy and narrative. This roundtable discussion will bring together a panel of international experts to reflect on current practices relating to citizen science and highlight major trends and emerging issues and opportunities for the global science communication community. What are the ethical, political, regulatory and societal implications associated with instances of citizen science? Does operating at scale in pursuit of a national science narrative compromise local and regional stories related to identity, culture and opportunity? What wicked problems are emerging, of impact, value, empowerment, liability and knowledge production, amongst others? And what issues are unfolding for citizen participants and researchers whose role is simultaneously individual and collective, unique and standardised, virtual and physical?

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Roundtable discussion
Theme: Society
Area of interest: Comparing science communication across cultures

Author: Maria Lujan Castro – UNICEN, Argentina

Co-authors:
Maria Lujan Castro – UNICEN – CIFICEN/CONICET
Mayra Garcimúño – UNICEN – CIFICEN/CONICET

Science museums are a means of communicating sciences to a wide audience, particularly interactive science museums have recently acquired a strong role in this regard. In our city, Tandil, a medium city in the interior of the province of Buenos Aires in Argentina, does not have one of these yet, but a group of enthusiastic UNICEN teachers, researchers and students have been carrying out actions under the same premises of these for almost 10 years. Started in 2008, without having a stable physical place, the interactive and itinerant science fair Divertite Experimentando develops multiple actions in order to bring science in an entertaining, mild and challenging way to the citizens of city and the region. In particular, their temporary presentations are positively received by members of the educational community: students who are pleasantly surprised by encouraging their desire to investigate and learn about the phenomena of nature and how science studies them, and teachers who also find alternative means for the treatment of scientific subjects in the classroom. In this work we want to share the task and experience gathered from ten years of work carrying out Divertite Experimentando and the impact that it has had in the community.

Presentation type: Visual talk
Theme: Stories
Area of interest: Applying science communication research to practice

Author: Sally Carson – NZ Marine Studies Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand

Co-author: Jenny Rock – Centre for Science Communication, University of Otago

Citizen Science (CS) is a form of informal science education where participants have the opportunity to participate in scientific research to learn scientific information, gain understanding of the nature of science, and develop their skills in the methods of science. Although new CS projects continue to be developed, the impact of these projects is not well understood. For example, what motivates involvement and how can CS be developed to facilitate both science communication and citizen-lead science enquiry?

Marine Metre Squared (Mm2), a citizen science initiative for long-term monitoring of the New Zealand seashore, aims to facilitate community engagement that leads to improved coastal management. This project strives to extend community involvement beyond data collection and support participants to recognise the value of long term data sets, investigate what the data means, formulate further questions to ask to find out more, and promote design of local studies to answer more in-depth questions.

This presentation will investigate the varied levels of involvement of schools and community groups in Mm2 through several short case studies. The origins and drivers for involvement of participants over time are discussed and a qualitative approach is used to investigate the outcomes of engagement. Factors contributing to long term invovement in the project included (1) having a clear ‘why’ or reason to participate (2) developing an understanding the science process (3) the importance of place (4) effective partnerships and (5) understanding of cultural connectedness. Discussion focuses on how citizen science projects can support support communities to share their stories and contextualise their science.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Individual paper
Theme: Stories
Area of interest: Investigating science communication practices

Author: Frederique Carcaillet – University of Montpellier, France

Stop-motion animation (also called stop-frame animation) is animation that is captured one frame at time, with physical objects that are moved between frames. When you play back the sequence of images rapidly, it creates the illusion of movement. This technique is particularly appropriate for learning how to communicate science to a large public: this requires to synthesize, to search for metaphors, to image sometimes complex concepts and to write short narratives that can be understood by a wide audience, without biasing the scientific discourse.

Since four years, I organize workshops of creation of stop-motion animation movies at Montpellier University, in France, for researchers and students who wish to disseminate to a large audience the results of their scientific research in biology or ecology, or who want take part to environmental education in their present or future careers.

These creative workshops have a threefold pedagogical purpose:

  • to teach the participants the rules of scientific mediation and the handling of new materials and software in a context of group learning, non-formal, creative and pleasant which nourishes the intrinsic motivation of participants and make them want to reuse this medium
  • create attractive tools for environment education, on short time (2 to 5 minutes), viewable on the internet and broadcastable in classrooms, associations or nature interpretation centers.
  • create student-ambassadors capable of conducting workshops to create stop motion animations in schools, particularly in priority education areas, so that children can take a playful interest in science and more generally in their environment.

Watch movies: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdMXIvXqFZxiSFtsnFUQiZg

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Show, tell and talk
Theme: Stories
Area of interest: Teaching science communication

Author: Lorena Cano-Orón – University of Valencia, Spain

Co-authors:
Isabel Mendoza-Poudereux – University of Valencia
Carolina Moreno-Castro – University of Valencia

According to the report of the Observatory of Natural Therapies in Spain (2008), acupuncture is better known and used than homeopathy, however, news production in this respect slightly reverses this correlation. Wide coverage on homeopathy in the Spanish context is justified by the closure of two widely known master studies on the matter and several skeptical driven campaigns. This research analyzes and compares the evolution of the coverage of homeopathy and acupuncture in the Spanish digital press in order to verify if the media production have different approaches for both complementary therapies. To this end, it is performed a content analysis of the informative treatment, classified as 1) favorable (for those considering homeopathy/acupuncture as a cure), 2) neutral (for aseptic or institutional treatment), 3) skeptical (for critical) or 4) equidistant (when it approaches the controversy without a predefined position).

The corpus, gathered through MyNews, includes all the headlines of all the news published in 391 digital media platforms during 2015-2016 that mentioned homeopathy or acupuncture. This is in gross 2,513 stories. The results show that despite the acceptance and extensive recognition of acupuncture as a complementary therapy in Spain, the campaign against alternative therapies that has occurred in recent months has not damaged the its image, in contrast to what happened with homeopathy. The difference in treatment between one therapy and the other is abysmal; while articles during the study period that mention homeopathy in the holder are mostly skeptical (57%), those mentioning acupuncture have a predominantly favorable tendency (77%). We can affirm then that the Spanish digital press has taken homeopathy as the standard-bearer of complementary therapies, focusing the controversy between conventional and alternative medicine on the homeopathy case and mostly ignoring others, such as acupuncture.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Individual paper
Theme: Stories
Area of interest: Investigating science communication practices

Author: Juan C. Ortiz – University of Queensland

Co-authors:
Rebecca E. Holt
Danette Langbecker

In this proposal we reviewed the health literature and identified key principles for the care of patients with chronic conditions that could be applied to environmental management. We propose a new framework that draws from the health, social and environmental sciences to enhance the effectiveness of environmental management by maximising stakeholder engagement. The basic framework was adapted from a chronic disease management model by positioning the reef as analogous to a chronic disease patient and the reefs’ associated stakeholders to the patients’ family. Tools available to managers for stakeholder engagement were extended to utilise pride as a catalyst for behaviour change, highlighting small gains and incorporating positive framing approaches. Within this frame work, we identified the need for scouting and crafting stake holders specific good news stories that are likely to trigger the most effective emotional response and potentially lead to sustained behavioural change. This is more than just translating scientific results to inform stakeholders. This is about actively sourcing and combining information from multiple sources to identify locally relevant good news stories that would otherwise be missed in the current system. When applying the framework to the management of the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, we noticed that in the present governance of the GBR the identification of good news stories is currently scattered among several roles. We conclude that for the proposed framework to be effective, formal recognition in the governance system for the need of story scouting and crafting as well as personnel exclusively dedicated to this role is essential for maximising the effectiveness of environmental management.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Roundtable discussion
Theme: Science
Area of interest: Applying science communication research to practice

Author: Sikke Jansma – University of Twente, The Netherlands

Co-authors:
Jordy Gosselt – University of Twente
Kimberly Kuipers – University of Twente

Genetically modified (GM) food has been the subject of public controversy ever since its first application in the 1970s. In general, new technological innovations, such as GM food, are often confronted with doubts or resistance from society. Gaining legitimacy among the general public helps in overcoming this and, therefore, plays a key role in the establishment or survival of an innovation. Focusing on the case of GM food in the Netherlands, we studied how the process of legitimation in the public discourse has evolved by applying the four pillars of legitimation derived from institutional literature: normative, cognitive, regulative and pragmatic. We conducted a qualitative media-analysis, analyzing 287 articles of nine Dutch newspapers in the period of 1996-2016. The results show that all four pillars of legitimation are apparent in the public discourse, and that they form a useful framework to organize the information published in the media. With regard to the case of GM food, we found that the sentiment of the debate was mostly negative and centered around the normative pillar (ethical considerations). Also the cognitive (explanation of GM food) pillar was addressed in a negative way, albeit to a lesser extent. The pragmatic (usefulness) and regulative (rules and regulations) pillars were hardly addressed by the media, but respectively in a positive and neutral way. This study gives insights in which pillars, or domains, to focus on for increasing the legitimacy of GM food. Furthermore, from a theoretical perspective we propose to use the pillars of legitimacy as a framework to analyze and compare the public debate of different technological innovations.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Individual paper
Theme: Society
Area of interest: Building a theoretical basis for science communication

Author: Adriana Iwata – UniFederal University of São Carlos, Brazil

Co-authors:
Karina Lupetti – University
Ana Candida Rodrigues – University

Comics is an entertainment and culture form well known worldwide and has as main feature the unity between image and text. Story telling with variable themes and drawing techniques involves the reader with a dynamic plot and charismatic characters. The comics is directed for all ages and can also be used as a tool to inform about science in a funny way. The insertion of scientific concepts in an interesting and playful way to motivate and increase the interest about the scientific topics mentioned in the story, one of the main purposes of science communication. Thinking about the positive points for the use of comics in science communication, the comic series called “Glass Comics” was developed in partnership with Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials – CeRTEV, a research center localized at Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, in Brazil.

The series comprises five numbers at all. The comic is about three characters: the protagonist Vinicius, a smart and curious boy who loves playing games, his elder brother Mateus, researcher of CeRTEV and the responsible for the explanation of scientific concepts and Luísa, Vinicius’s friend and an intelligent girl who likes to tease him. Each number is a complete story and it mentions a different topic within the glass universe: the number 1 is about the definition, history and applications of glass, the number 2 explains the glass recycling process and production of a glass bottle on an industrial scale, the number 3 talks about the principle of the optical fiber and applications, the number 4 talks about bioglass and main applications in medical field and the number 5 will illustrate the Age of Glass.

Presentation type: Show, tell and talk
Theme: Stories
Area of interest: Applying science communication research to practice

Author: Alan Irwin – Copenhagen Business School, Denmark

The growth of world-wide activity in citizen science represents one of the most important recent developments within the broad field of science communication and citizen-science relations. The 2015 inaugural conference of the Citizen Science Association, held in California, brought together over 600 people. There is a European Citizen Science Association (ECSA) supported by organizations from over 10 countries, and, since 2014, an Australian Citizen Science Association (ACSA). As the European association expresses its future vision: ‘in 2020, citizens in Europe are valued and empowered as key actors in advancing knowledge and innovation and thus supporting sustainable development in our world.’ Meanwhile, the Zooniverse website lists a wide range of projects: all dedicated to the concept and practice of ‘people-powered research’. And, based upon a recent inventory prepared by Monica Peters for the NZ Landcare trust, it seems that citizen science projects are flourishing across New Zealand.

This is a remarkable movement within the landscape of public communication with science and technology. Certainly, it is worth reflecting upon its implications for science communication as a field of research and practice. More specifically, the question I wish to explore in this presentation concerns the relationship between citizen science and more ‘mainstream’ scientific practice. Put simply, does citizen science represent simply an extension of science by other means or does it raise new questions concerning the nature of ’knowledge politics’? While critical social scientists and other commentators might view citizen science as primarily a means of extended knowledge-gathering, it is also important to consider the larger possibilities for citizen science: as a way of developing new knowledge practices, shifting the institutional boundaries around science, and raising new questions and new perspectives.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Individual paper
Theme: Science
Area of interest: Building a theoretical basis for science communication

Author: Robert Inglis – The Yazi Centre for Science and Society in Africa, South Africa

Despite awareness of negative impacts of deficit-model science communication (in which the scientist is seen as the knowledge-holder, and the target audience seen simply as the passive recipient), a huge number of science communication initiatives continue to use this mode. Not only is it often ineffective and regularly damaging, but it limits possibilities for the creation of new knowledge and active participation by society in science.

The deficit model has strong parallels to the concept of “banking education” used by education theorist and activist Paulo Freire to describe and critique traditional education systems. Paulo Freire was concerned about the extent to which these modes of engagement tend to entrench, rather than transform, the status quo. Paulo Friere proposed that it is through active participation in processes which transform their worlds, that members of society can, through “cycles of action and reflection” gain “critical consciousness” and come to understand the problems and needs within their realities.

The proposed workshop will be highly interactive with the aim of exploring some basic elements of participatory processes to encourage new approaches to science engagement and collaborative knowledge production. Inspired by Paulo Freirean methodologies, these will include; Defining the issues/s (by eliciting personal experiences of participants to bring them into personal engagement with the problems), (b) Exploring the issues through various creative strategies, (Photo voice, songwriting, participatory video) and finally, sharing those learnings through events or engagement activities.

Robert Inglis is an award-winning science communication practitioner with over 15 years’ experience in creating opportunities for audiences to become involved in and understand scientific research. He has used a range of participatory methods including; citizen science research on adolescent health, science related song-writing and performance, community radio collaborations between learners and researchers and co-creation of film and other media.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Workshop
Theme: Society
Area of interest: Investigating science communication practices

Author: Robert Inglis – The Yazi Centre for Science and Society in Africa, South Africa

Co-authors:
Anthony Lelliott – University of the Witwatersrand
Mthuthuzeli Zamxaka – South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement

The world of nano-science and nanotechnology exist outside our lived experience. Nanotechnologists, wearing white lab coats and swilling tubes of amber liquid reveal little of the incredible stories of how matter, manipulated at the sale of billionths of a meter is impacting people’s lives.

Jive Media Africa responded to a call from the Nanotechnology Public Engagement Programme (NPEP) at the South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement (SAASTA) to make this invisible world, visible. Using a comics and cartoons approach, four stories were created for distribution across South African on large, highly visual posters.

The campaign was aimed at school learners, and aimed to harness the power of identification and imagination through visual story-telling to reveal the hidden world of nanotechnology. Each poster dealt with an application of nanotechnology – starting with a problem being faced in a developing context and proceeding into a journey through scale as two protagonists became smaller and smaller until they were at the scale of the unique scientific principles being employed in the technology. Topics included water treatment in low-resource settings through application of antimicrobial silver, the development of super-efficient photo-voltaic cells, the creation of gas monitoring devices for use in mining and targeted drug delivery through bio-engineering gold nano-particles.

This highly visual poster presentation will showcase the work and research undertaken into its efficacy as a science communication tool. It will reflect on the campaign with a view to sharing innovative approaches to making complex and inaccessible information clear and relevant to audiences in low resource settings.

The author has not yet submitted a copy of the full paper.

Presentation type: Visual talk
Theme: Stories
Area of interest: Investigating science communication practices